Regional
industrial policy in terms of integrating into the global market.
Elena Sergeevna Kuznetsova,
Кузнецова
Елена Сергеевна,
доцент кафедры Менеджмента,
коммерции, маркетинга и рекламы Мурманского Государственного Технического
Университета.
The experience of highly developed
states which have been integrated into the world economy shows that their
industrial policy has a precise territorial tendency. It means that industrial
system of a country is shown as a complex of territorial industrial blocks.
Each of them demonstrates the definite economic activity and has its own
parameters of competitiveness.
The author considers that for
successful integration into the world economy it’s very important for the country
to have not only competitive engineering and companies but regions which are
able to use this engineering and companies effectively. Up-to-date states are
interested in getting out into the global market as many regions as possible
(as important links in trade, financial and technological relations). Just such
regions determine the competitiveness of the countries in geo-economic area.
Thus, the spatial organization of a
country determines the efficiency of its integration into the world economy. The
most industrial countries went through so called “regional revolution” 20-30
years ago. It was the crisis of old industrial regions. But at the same time some
new regions-leaders were arisen to compete on the global market. For some
reasons
The regional policy must, firstly,
promote the internal development of the regions and increase the quality of
living of their population. Secondly, it must promote the growth of competitiveness
of the Russian industrial enterprises in the Russian and international markets.
It’s necessary to take into
consideration that two “critical points” influence the economy of any Russian
region: insufficiency of some resources and actual competition. So, the
regional industrial policy must create the terms for concentration of limited
resources in the frame of chosen directions. Resources must be directed to the branches
which are more promising. Certainly, it means transferring capital from the other
branches. Besides, we need to take into accounts that the time for making
decisions in the field of regional policy is limited for the reason of competition
in the national and world markets. Noticeable delay can worsen the perspectives
of integration of many Russian regions into the world economy.
Up-to-date geo-economics chooses two
main models for the organization of territories - integrated (centralized) and
net ones.
The first model arose in the time of
industrialization. It is connected with dominating large-scale mass production
in the regional economy. This production is a place of work for the
considerable part of the population in the region, a source of getting taxes
for its budget and a factor of developing the regional infrastructure. The
economy of such region is called “monotype economy”.
The integrated (centralized) regions
have got the following features:
-
lack
of competition in dominating branches inside the region;
-
regional
authorities depending on specific companies;
-
low
mobility of the employees;
-
regional
strategic planning depending on the economic strategies of the dominating
companies;
-
low
ability for using new technologies and innovations.
According to the experts’
appreciation in
The second model of territorial organization is a net one. This model is based on production
networks (including production complexes and enterprises) connected with a
definite geographical territory. Such nets are called “networks of place”. The
enterprises specializing in producing that or another item are located on a
special territory. This fact allows connecting a definite branch of industry
with the region. The economic relations inside
the networks of place are based on various agreements about cooperation and
subcontract relationships. In fact, only a few companies deliver ready goods
for the market, the rest ones carry out different transactions for the group of
enterprises having organized this production.
In the “net regions” the authority
that deals with economic problems is not concentrated but distributed. Economic
power of such regions is determined not by the volume of production but by the
mobilized resources of the network and its ability to influence the global
exchanges. The features of these regions are so called “flexible
specialization” (instead of strict specialization) and ability to carry out
innovations. The enterprises that cooperate and compete inside the network make
the industrial cluster.
The author considers that a cluster
approach is one of the most effective approaches for developing competitiveness
of a region in the terms of international integration. Clusters play a role of
“points of growth” for the national market and they are the basis for
international expansion. After the first clusters the new ones often appear,
that leads to increasing competitiveness of a country.
As to
As the author see it, nowadays in
Thus, in
the terms of integrating into the world economy one of the most important aims
of industrial policy of the
There are several conditions that
can both promote and create obstacles for developing clusters in
Positive conditions include:
-
well-formed
scientific infrastructure;
-
existing
technological infrastructure;
-
psychological
preparedness for cooperation.
The main restrained conditions are
the next:
-
rather
low level of developing associative structures (trade stalls, industrial associations,
etc.);
-
short-term
planning (lack of strategic approaches).
As practice shows the real benefits
from developing clusters will be seen only in 5 - 7 years. This fact makes pay attention
to the problem of working out regional strategies in
The use of cluster approach can widen international cooperation of frontier Russian regions considerably. When speaking about external economic activity people often mean international trade in first place. However, the international industrial cooperation will play a great role in the nearest future. International industrial cooperation is much more stable than just trade cooperation. Industrial clusters can provide benefits for all frontier territories. They can be a basis for different programs and projects in international cooperation.
Literature.
1.
Княгинин В.Н., Щедровицкий П.Г. Промышленная политика России:
кто оплатит издержки глобализации. - М.: Издательство «Европа», 2005.
2.
Настенко А.Д., Васина Т.В. Прогнозирование отраслевого и
регионального развития. - М.: Издательство «Гелиос», 2002.
3.
Спицын А.Т.
Стратегические приоритеты модернизации национальной экономики России. – М.: Экономика,
2004.
Поступила в редакцию 17 января